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Journal of Composite Materials
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Measurement of Fiber Density by Helium Pycnometry

T. J. Rude

Polymer Matrix Composites Department, Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, P.O. Box 30, State College, PA 16804-0030

L. H. Strait, Jr.

Polymer Matrix Composites Department, Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, P.O. Box 30, State College, PA 16804-0030, larry.strait{at}chamberlaingroup.com

L. A. Ruhala

Lafayette College, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 238 Dana Engineering Laboratory, Easton, PA 18042

Fiber and void volume fractions of polymeric composite materials are often measured as indicators of part quality. However, accurate fiber and void volume fraction measurements require that the fiber density be known to a high degree of accuracy. Helium pycnometry offers the potential for accurate fiber density measurements. In this study, helium pycnometry was used to measure the density of E-glass, S2-glass, and carbon fibers. Results were compared with those of other fiber density measurement techniques. The density of E-glass was determined to be 2.6173 g/cc. S2-glass was found to have a density of 2.4858 g/cc. Measured carbon fiber densities were 1.7635 g/cc for Toray T300, and 1.7758 g/cc for Hercules IM7.

Key Words: composite materials • fiber density • pycnometry

Journal of Composite Materials, Vol. 34, No. 22, 1948-1958 (2000)
DOI: 10.1106/NUYP-PARA-RA5R-7NUE
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